After a jammer completes her initial lap, she scores 1 point for each opposing skater she passes. Jammers automatically score points against opposing skaters serving in the penalty box. Jammer referees hold up fingers at the conclusion of each lap for points just earned. Between each jam, there are 30 seconds for teams to line up for the next jam.
There are two halves in a BOUT. Each half is 30 minutes long and has an unlimited number of jams. Teams may freely substitute players between jams, except for players stuck in the penalty box. Intentionally destroying the pack, such as by taking a knee or leaving the track in a way which rendering the remaining players ineligible to block. Blocking while out of bounds, or blocking a skater who is out of bounds. Illegal procedures: false starts, too many skaters on the track.
A penalty costs 30 seconds of jam time in the box, served immediately so long as a seat is available in the box. Refs gesture skaters to the box with a swooping motion of one finger to direct the skater off the track. A jammer in the box is released immediately if the other jammer also lands in the box.
Much like in football, the ref squad internally divides areas of responsibility -- the front of the pack, the rear of the pack, scoring for one team, scoring for the other team, etc. The refs practice communicating with each other to determine the legality of action on the track. Ever since its invention in the s, roller derby has traditionally been a 'quad' skate game. Quad roller skates promote control and stability, and their smaller wheel base reduces the chances for skaters to get tripped up on each others' skates.
A Skater holding their body weight on their skates, such that they are not down and it is obvious to Officials, Skaters, and spectators that they are not sitting. A Skater is straddling when they are simultaneously touching the floor on or between the track boundary lines and beyond the track boundary. Touching the floor beyond the track boundary with only one arm or hand does not render a Skater straddling. Straddling Skaters are considered out of bounds , except where otherwise noted see also in bounds.
Jammers make trips through the Pack. Each trip represents an opportunity to score points on opponents. See Section 3. Any Skater who is not considered down. A formal verbal indication from the Official that play is currently or is about to be improper, so that a Skater can take corrective action.
No scenarios for Section 1. No scenarios for Section 2. Outcome: Red Jammer is issued a False Start warning and must yield their position to all Skaters in their immediate vicinity.
If they do not yield, they will receive a penalty. Rationale: Red Jammer established their starting position partially out of position, with one skate ahead of the Jammer Line. Keep in Mind: Until they have been issued this warning, they cannot be penalized for failure to yield. Rationale: White Pivot was entirely out of position, having both skates ahead of the Pivot Line.
They are immediately penalized, rather than warned and allowed to yield, because this is a flagrant violation of the rules regarding starting positions.
Outcome: White Blocker is directed to return to their bench and cannot participate in the Jam. Rationale: White Blocker was not on the track at the start of the Jam and cannot participate in that Jam. Keep in Mind: Even if White Blocker were straddling, they would still be considered out of bounds, thus not on the track, thus not allowed to participate in the Jam.
Red Pivot lines up behind them. Immediately before the Jam starts, Red Pivot reaches forward with their leg and places their skate on the Pivot Line. Outcome: The White Non-Pivot Blockers should all be issued False Start warnings, and must yield their positions to all nearby Skaters; any who do not yield should receive a penalty.
In an attempt to reach the track before the Jam begins, Red Blocker jumps from out of bounds. The Jam-Starting Whistle blows while they are still airborne. Red Blocker lands in bounds and upright after the Jam begins. Outcome: Red Blocker attempted to enter the track from an out of bounds state and was still airborne at the start of the Jam.
They should be ordered back to their bench and may not participate in the Jam. Rationale: While airborne, a Skater retains the attributes of their previous status. As such, they remain out of bounds while airborne.
Red Blocker was not on the track when the Jam began. White Pivot is seated in the Penalty Box. Between Jams, three White Blockers—one of whom is wearing a Stripe—line up on the track. Refusal to obey an instruction about improper gameplay is insubordinate. Keep in Mind: If the White Blocker engages in any privileges reserved for the Pivot before they have removed the Stripe, even if no warning has yet been issued, that White Blocker should be penalized, as their illegal Stripe had impact on the game.
Red Pivot is issued a False Start warning. Red Pivot disengages from play, attempting to yield to Skaters in the immediate proximity. Rationale: Red Pivot made a genuine attempt to yield their position, allowing time for Skaters in proximity to take advantage. Giving Skaters in the immediate vicinity a reasonable opportunity to take advantage, even if that opportunity is not exercised, is enough to relieve Red Pivot of their requirement to yield.
Red and White Skaters repeatedly shift positions between Jams, attempting to gain position on one another. As the Jam starts, Red 34 is lined up fully behind the Jammer Line but is not wearing the Star, while Red 27 is lined up fully in front of the Jammer Line and is wearing the Star. Rationale: Red 27 is the Skater in possession of the Star.
The Star denotes who the Jammer is. Both Skaters should receive a penalty for beginning the Jam fully out of position. Since the rules do not accommodate for Jammers who forget their helmet covers, starting position should not take precedence over wearing the Star.
In this case, both the Jammer Red 27 and the Blocker Red 34 have started the Jam in illegal starting positions. They come to a quick stop and sprint forward at the Jam-Starting Whistle. Outcome: If Red Jammer was moving clockwise or stopped when the whistle occurred, nothing should be done.
If Red Jammer turned counterclockwise earlier and was gaining speed, this should be treated as a false start. Rationale: Jammers may not be gaining speed counterclockwise at the Jam-Starting Whistle. Red Jammer starts the Jam with their helmet cover inside-out. The stars are not visible with high contrast. They remove the cover, invert it, and put it back on their helmet. They then legally pass all Skaters, including the foremost Blocker.
Rationale: Since Red Jammer did not have the ability to gain Lead prior to removing the Star from their head, they did not lose that ability. Keep in Mind: If Red Jammer had removed the Star when the stars were visible, they would have lost the ability to gain Lead. White Jammer is knocked down, but not out of bounds. While White Jammer is down, the opposing Blockers—including the foremost Blocker—all skate clockwise behind them. White Jammer then stands back up.
As such, White Jammer earned those passes and they count toward earning Lead. White Jammer makes their way through the Pack on their initial trip, while Red Jammer remains stuck at the rear. Through numerous blocks and changes in position, White Jammer earns a pass on all Blockers, but none of them are ever the foremost Blocker in the Pack when White Jammer earns the pass. Rationale: White Jammer has earned a pass against all Blockers, but has never earned superior position to the foremost Blocker in the Pack.
Lead Jammer is earned when the Jammer has earned a pass on all in-play Blockers and established a superior position to the foremost in-play Blocker. Due to unrelated gameplay, Officials declare a No Pack situation. Red Jammer remains behind White Pivot. Rationale: Although White Pivot is now out of play, No Pack situations are different from Out of Play situations regarding earning passes and gaining position to earn Lead Jammer status.
During a No Pack situation, a Jammer must still earn passes and may not illegally gain position on Skaters while the Jammer is out of bounds. White Jammer releases the helmet cover. White Non-Pivot Blocker immediately drops the helmet cover. Rationale: While White Jammer may only pass the Star to their Pivot, because the White Blocker immediately dropped the Star, there has been no impact on gameplay. Keep in Mind: If White Blocker did not immediately relinquish control of the helmet cover, a penalty would be issued to White Jammer.
White Jammer removes their helmet cover and hands it to White Pivot. White Jammer then releases the Star to the out-of-bounds Pivot. Outcome: The Star Pass is unsuccessful. Both Skaters retain their existing positions. No penalty is warranted at this time, but the Pivot is warned they are not the Jammer. Rationale: Although White Jammer attempted to pass the Star while White Pivot was eligible, a Star Pass is a single point of exchange: the moment at which the Star is released.
Keep in Mind: If, after being warned that they are not the Jammer, the Pivot puts the Star on or fails to remove it , they should be penalized.
White Jammer removes their helmet cover, hands it to White Pivot, and releases the Star. No penalty is warranted at this time, but the Pivot is instructed to drop the Star. Rationale: A Pivot who is not visibly wearing the Stripe cannot use the privileges of being a Pivot, such as receiving a Star Pass or even recovering the Star after an incomplete Star Pass. Keep in Mind: Once White Pivot is aware that they are not visibly wearing the Stripe, they must immediately relinquish control of the Star.
Red 21 is the Jammer. They remove their helmet cover and throw it at Red 45, who is the Pivot. Red 45 still the Pivot catches the helmet cover and hands it back to Red 21 still the Jammer. Both Skaters grip the Star, then Red 21 releases it. Red 45 maintains control of the Star and puts it on their helmet. Rationale: Throwing the Star is an incomplete Star Pass, not an illegal one.
A Star Pass cannot be successfully completed by throwing. Catching the Star out of the air is equivalent to retrieving it from the floor ; the Pivot is not required to let the Star fall to the track first. Once Red Jammer clutches the helmet cover, they reestablish their control of the Star regardless of whether the Pivot lets go or not. They then complete the Star Pass in a legal fashion. White Blocker pulls the helmet cover free and drops it. Rationale: White Blocker gained temporary possession of the helmet cover and dropped it.
The Star may get moved as part of normal gameplay, but may not be controlled by anyone other than the Jammer or Pivot. Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had not touched the Star, which was stuck to their wrist guard and allowed Red Jammer or Pivot to recover it once they were aware of it, similarly no penalty would be warranted. Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had pulled the Star off their Velcro, but not immediately relinquished control of the Star once they removed it from their wrist guard, a penalty would be warranted.
White Jammer legally passes the Star to White Pivot. The Jam ends and Red team calls an Official Review. As a result of the review, the original White Jammer receives a penalty for an illegal action they took as Jammer.
Outcome: The additional penalty should be served by White Pivot-turned-Jammer and recorded for the original White Jammer. The original White Jammer should not be allowed to participate in the game until time for the penalty they earned has completed.
Rationale: White Jammer legally passed the Star, making White Pivot the new Jammer, but received a penalty upon review for an action committed while they were the Jammer.
This would put two different White Skaters in the Box as a Jammer. A penalty is assigned to a Skater. The penalty time is assigned to a position, with the Skater not allowed to participate until it has been served. In this example, the original White Jammer receives the penalty and the current White Jammer former Pivot serves the time.
Reverting the current Jammer to a Pivot or having the original Jammer serve the time as a Blocker would deprive Red team of earned advantages.
The Pack is the largest group of in-bounds and upright Blockers in proximity and containing members from both teams. Outcome: No Pack. No penalty. White Blocker 1 must return in bounds to reform the Pack as soon as they legally can do so, and Red Blocker 1 must skate counterclockwise to allow White Blocker 1 to do so.
Rationale: Because there were no White Blockers within 10 ft 3. All Blockers must work together to allow a Pack to reform as quickly as possible. White Pivot is not required to maintain the Pack, but is required to work to reform a Pack if there is no Pack. Also, White Pivot is prohibited from making sudden movements that destroy the Pack.
Keep in Mind: If, instead of moving forward, the Red Blockers stayed still while White Pivot skated backward or took a knee, White Pivot should be penalized.
Roller derby is played in the counterclockwise direction, so clockwise movement is held to a different standard than counterclockwise movement, and taking a knee is always a sudden action. In the above image, Red 3 and White Pivot are more than 10 ft 3. Red 1 and Red Pivot are out of play. White Jammer is on their second trip through the Pack and has not yet earned any passes on Red Blockers. Red Pivot receives a penalty, and begins to exit the track. Rationale: Blockers who have been directed to the Penalty Box but are still touching in bounds including straddling can still be scored upon as if they had not been penalized.
White Jammer earns a pass on penalized Red Pivot by gaining superior position before Red Pivot exits the track. Red Jammer approaches the Pack for their second trip. Red Jammer reenters the Pack, passes all opponents again, and exits the Engagement Zone. Rationale: As a result of the successful Star Pass, the White Jammer and White Pivot exchange status in terms of scoring and being scored upon. Since the Red Jammer had already scored on the original White Pivot before the Star Pass, they have the point for the White Blocker originally the White Jammer in this trip and cannot score it again.
White Jammer is on their second trip through the Pack and jumps the apex, passing all four Red Blockers while mid-air. The fact that White Jammer touched out of bounds with the other skate does not affect points but does affect their subsequent position relative to the Skaters they passed while airborne.
White Pivot is sent to the Penalty Box shortly after the Jam begins. Red Jammer completes their first trip through the Pack, and begins their second. Red Jammer leaves the Engagement Zone from the rear, reenters it from the front, and skates in bounds to the rear of the Pack. White Jammer comes in behind Red Jammer, and gets stuck in the Pack prior to restarting their initial trip through the Pack. Red Jammer skates forward, exits the Engagement Zone from the front, enters the Engagement Zone from the rear, earns passes on all opponents, and completes their initial trip through the Pack.
White Blocker begins the Jam in the Penalty Box. Red Jammer finishes their first trip through the Pack and begins their second. White Blocker returns to the track behind Red Jammer. Red Jammer earns passes on all opponents and exits the front of the Engagement Zone.
White Jammer is on their second trip through the Pack and earns a pass on all opposing Blockers except Red Pivot, who is in front of them. Rationale: Leaving the Engagement Zone ahead of the opposing Jammer is not a valid means for a Blocker such as Red Pivot to avoid being scored upon.
Via this action, they denied White Jammer the opportunity to earn a pass on them during their second trip through the Pack.
Thus, White Jammer is considered to have earned a pass on Red Pivot upon completing their second trip through the Pack. The other opposing Blockers had already been scored upon as usual. White Jammer is on their second trip through the Pack.
They earn a pass on all opposing Blockers except Red Pivot, who is in front of them. Red Pivot forces White Jammer out of bounds, and then goes out of play. Red Pivot turns around, returns to play, and ends up behind White Jammer who is still out of bounds.
Rationale: When White Jammer reentered the track outside the Engagement Zone, their second trip through the Pack was complete. At that time, Red Pivot was in play. As such, White Jammer had the opportunity to earn a pass on Red Pivot during that trip through the Pack by returning to play inside the Engagement Zone, and then passing the Red Pivot. White Jammer begins their second trip through the Pack.
Red Blocker 1 is sent to the Penalty Box. Red Blocker 2 removes themself from play to address an equipment issue. White Jammer has not passed Red Blockers 3 or 4. The Jam is then called off. Rationale: White Jammer did not earn a pass on any opponents before the Jam ended. Keep in Mind: White Jammer had the opportunity to earn a pass on Red Blockers 3 or 4, and would have thereby earned a pass on Red Blocker 1 and Red Blocker 2 for a total of three points.
Red Blockers 1 and 2 are already seated in the Penalty Box. Red Blocker 3 goes to the Box for a penalty. Red Blocker 4 removes themself from play to address an equipment issue. White Jammer skates past their own teammates.
Rationale: Because there was no opportunity for White Jammer to earn a pass on any of their opponents, White Jammer earns a pass on all of them by completing the trip through the Engagement Zone as defined during a No Pack situation.
Red Blocker 3 loses a toe stop and removes themself from active play. Red Blocker 4 is issued a penalty and is told to remain on the track, but skates off anyway. White Jammer skates past their teammates and Red Blocker 4 while the Officials tell Red Blocker 4 to return to the track.
Rationale: Because Red Blocker 4 was not sent off the track to the Box, that Blocker is still part of active gameplay just out of bounds. When White Jammer skated past Red Blocker 4, the pass was earned as usual even though Red Blocker 4 was out of bounds at the time.
Keep in Mind: If Red Blocker 4 had taken off quickly so that White Jammer was denied the opportunity to earn a pass on Red Blocker 4, then when White Jammer completed their trip through the Engagement Zone, they would have earned the pass on Red Blocker 4 just as though Red Blocker 4 were ahead of the Engagement Zone but still in bounds.
Red Jammer commits a penalty at the beginning of their second trip through the Pack, not having earned any passes on opponents during that trip. Red Jammer is released and returns to the Engagement Zone.
The Pack is moving fast, and Red Jammer does not pass anybody. The other two White Blockers are released and return to the track behind Red Jammer. The Jam ends. Rationale: Red Jammer had an opportunity to earn a pass on the two penalized White Blockers by earning a pass on one of the unpenalized White Blockers. Red Jammer completes their first trip through the Pack and has passed one opposing Blocker when they remove the Star. While the Star is off, the three other opposing Blockers commit penalties and are sent to the Penalty Box.
Rationale: Red Jammer was not able to earn points while the Star was off, but they still receive the point earned while the Star was on.
Keep in Mind: If Red Jammer had put the Star back on before the end of the Jam, they would have earned points for the other opposing Blockers as soon as the Star was back on their helmet. Red Jammer begins a scoring trip and is ahead of White Jammer. Red Jammer completes their scoring trip having never earned a pass on the original White Jammer now Blocker. Rationale: Red Jammer must have at least one opportunity to earn a pass on all opposing Blockers on every trip through the Pack, including a Jammer-turned-Blocker as a result of a Star Pass.
When the Jammer becomes a Blocker, they are considered a Blocker returning to active gameplay see Section 2. Red Jammer completes their first trip through the Pack and has not passed any opposing Blockers when they commit two penalties in quick succession. They are sent to the Penalty Box for 60 seconds, during which all four opposing Blockers also commit penalties and are sent to the Box. Red Jammer returns to the rear of the Pack, but the Jam ends before they can pass any opponents.
Rationale: Red Jammer did not earn a pass on any opposing Blockers, so they were not eligible to earn any Not-On-the-Track points. Keep in Mind: If Red Jammer had earned a pass on any opposing Blockers before their penalty was served, they would have earned points for the other opposing Blockers upon returning to the track. Keep in Mind: If Red Jammer had earned a pass on an opposing Blocker once they returned from serving their penalty but before the Jam ended, they would have also earned a point on any opposing Blockers still seated in the Box or any opposing Blockers returning from the Box behind Red Jammer.
No scenarios for Section 3. Both teams have legally fielded three Blockers, a Pivot, and an Active Jammer, unless otherwise noted.
Making contact to an Illegal Target Zone should be penalized based on the impact it has on the target. Red Jammer, skating close behind, trips over White Blocker and falls. Rationale: White Blocker did everything in their power to prevent themself from being a hazard. Keep in Mind: Were this the third time White Blocker had caused an opponent to fall in this manner, they should receive a penalty. Red Jammer skates along the inside line and attempts to jump the apex to pass the Pack.
Red Jammer falls out of bounds. White Blocker trips over Red Jammer and falls. Rationale: Red Jammer is considered in bounds when White Pivot initiates a legal block. Red Pivot and two Red Blockers form a three-person wall.
Red Pivot does not fall but is pushed out of the center of the wall. White Jammer is able to pass the other two Red Blockers at the hips before Red Pivot reclaims their position. Rationale: White Blocker did not gain advantage from their block to an Illegal Target Zone, but a teammate did: White Jammer earned passes and therefore scored points. Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had fully moved through the wall and continued on, that would also justify a penalty for gaining position, even though they were not scoring points.
Red Blocker initiates a chest-to-chest block against White Blocker. Keep in Mind: Incidental contact to the neck or head that is not forceful and does not have any other impact should not result in a penalty. Red Blocker stops skating clockwise. Skaters may be oriented and be moving in various directions during a game. White Jammer approaches the rear of the Pack, targeting Red Blocker. White Jammer makes contact anyway and knocks Red Blocker down.
Rationale: Red Blocker established a new position before White Jammer made contact. White Jammer is responsible for their initiated block, regardless of what their original target had been.
Because White Jammer would not be considered the initiator, no penalty is warranted. Red Blocker falls wildly and slides into the skates of a wall of White Blockers in front of them, who fall. Rationale: White Jammer made illegal contact to Red Blocker. Due to this illegal contact, Red Blocker was unable to avoid committing their illegal action and should not be penalized.
Red Jammer skates around the track at a high rate of speed. White Blocker, however, does not fall and Red Jammer does not gain position on anybody as a result of this action.
A flagrant violation of this rule poses a safety hazard to White Blocker, which has sufficient impact on the game to expel Red Jammer if judged to be negligent, intentional, or reckless, regardless of if White Blocker lost position.
Red Jammer is stuck behind a wall of White Blockers. Red Jammer forcefully blocks White Blocker 1 in the back, but due to a legal assist from White Blocker 2, White Blocker 1 remains in position. Red Jammer was in control of their actions and initiated illegal forceful contact to the back of White Blocker 1. This action is penalized regardless of impact or outcome.
Red Jammer is approaching White Blocker 1. White Blocker 2 initiates a legal block on Red Jammer at the last second, forcing them out of their trajectory and directly into the back of White Blocker 1 without any opportunity to recover before making contact.
White Blocker 1 receives forceful contact but maintains their position ahead of Red Jammer and does not otherwise lose position. The illegal contact did not result in any other impact such as loss of position that warranted a penalty. Keep in Mind: A Skater is responsible for maintaining control of their body and the contact they initiate as a result of legal gameplay.
If White Blocker 1 had lost position, Red Jammer would be penalized. Keep in Mind: If Red Jammer made forceful contact to the back of White Blocker 1 due to the assist of a Red teammate, then the contact would be considered avoidable and Red Jammer penalized.
Making contact with an Illegal Blocking Zone should be penalized based on the impact it has on the target. White Blocker is knocked out of bounds. While forearms are an Illegal Blocking Zone, tucking them into the torso effectively makes them part of the torso, and thus a Legal Blocking Zone. Red Jammer ends up out of bounds as a result of the action.
Rationale: White Blocker used their upper arm to initiate the block. Both examples are legal play. If the illegal contact does not have further impact, no penalty should be assessed. White Jammer is stuck behind a Red wall. They push forward, but cannot find a way to break through.
Red Blocker stumbles but does not go down or out. White Jammer fails to break through the wall. Rationale: A Skater who intentionally and forcefully jabs an opponent with their elbow or strikes with their knee should receive a penalty regardless of whether it leads to a loss of position or advantage. This action is unsafe and unsporting. Keep in Mind: The fact that this action was intentional is only part of the reason a penalty is warranted. Intentional illegal action is not always penalized even though it is tacitly unsporting.
Intentional actions designed to harm an opponent should always be penalized. Red Blocker remains standing, but is significantly slowed by the pulling at their jersey. White Blocker regains their balance. Rationale: Assists taken from an opponent, such as whips or braces, are penalizable if they result in some kind of advantage for the initiator or disadvantage for the opponent.
White Pivot wiggles past Red Blocker on the outside line, using their forearms on those Red Blockers to hold themself in bounds. Rationale: White Pivot gained superior position to Red Blocker by using their forearms to remain in bounds during an action that would have otherwise taken them out of bounds.
Red Jammer has passed all but the foremost White Blocker. White Blocker faces clockwise with their arms outstretched and initiates a block against Red Jammer with the entirety of their arm: upper arm, elbow, and forearm. Red Jammer is not knocked down, but they are brought to a stop. Rationale: Though Red Jammer did not lose position, their progress was significantly impeded by Illegal Blocking Zones. Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had dropped their forearm and elbow as soon as contact was made, no penalty should be called.
It was the prolonged impact of the forearm and elbow that made the action penalizable. White Pivot stands still on their toe stops and initiates a block against Red Jammer. Red Jammer does not fall, but is brought to a stop.
Red Jammer counter-blocks, but White Pivot continues to block while on their toe stops and Red Jammer is unable to get past. Rationale: If Red Jammer loses position or has their momentum or trajectory severely affected by a block initiated in an unexpected way, the initiator should receive a penalty. In this example, if White Pivot had not maintained their stopped block but instead returned to counterclockwise skating, allowing Red Jammer to maintain part of their momentum, it would not have resulted in a penalty.
White Blocker is pushed until one skate is in bounds and one skate is out of bounds. Red Blocker continues to block until White Blocker is fully out of bounds.
Red Blocker re-initiates a new block that knocks White Blocker down. Rationale: A Skater should not expect to be blocked while out of bounds. It is only legal to block a Skater who is in bounds or straddling. The secondary block is what warrants the penalty. Red Blocker is knocked out of bounds and recycled to the rear of the Pack. They accelerate and move in bounds, directly into White Blocker, who falls. Rationale: Even if the Target and Blocking Zones were legal and both Skaters were in bounds, Red Blocker gained an unexpected advantage by accelerating while out of bounds into the block.
White Blocker should not expect to be blocked by an out-of-bounds opponent. Red Blocker is knocked out of bounds by White Blocker, who also goes out of bounds, leaving an opening on the inside line. The out-of-bounds Red Blocker grabs the in-bounds Red Jammer by the hips and pushes them past the in-bounds White Blockers. Rationale: The threshold for penalization of assists follows similar metrics to blocks.
They cannot come from an unblockable position, such as out of bounds, while down, or while stopped. Because Red Blocker could not legally be blocked, it would also be illegal to provide an assist. White Blocker, having lined up just in front of the Jammer Line, is contacted by Red Pivot attempting to take the same space. White Blocker falls out of bounds before the Jam-Starting Whistle.
Outcome: Red Pivot is penalized for blocking before the Jam start. White Blocker is allowed to participate in this Jam. Rationale: It is illegal to block before a Jam has begun. Keep in Mind: Should White Blocker be blocked into a false starting position rather than out of bounds, White Blocker is allowed to participate in the Jam without the need to yield. Red Pivot would still receive a penalty for blocking before the Jam start. Keep in Mind: A Skater penalized before the start of a Jam should serve their penalty in the position in which they appear to be acting.
Red Jammer stumbles significantly off balance after the Jam-Ending Whistle. Rationale: It is illegal to block after a Jam has ended. It is, however, legal to initiate during the Jam-Ending Whistle, even if the outcome happens once the Jam has ended.
Being hit significantly off balance after the Jam-Ending Whistle is sufficient to penalize the initiator of that hit.
Keep in Mind: A Skater penalized after the end of the Jam should serve their penalty in the position in which they appear to be acting. Red Jammer is 18 ft 5. White Pivot continues to skate alongside Red Jammer, and then blocks Red Jammer, making hip-to-hip contact.
Red Jammer counter-blocks White Pivot. White Pivot falls as a result. Rationale: White Pivot received an Out of Play warning and failed to immediately attempt to return to the Engagement Zone; rather, they continued to block Red Jammer.
The middle Red Blocker hooks arms with the outside Red Blocker. White Pivot initiates a block against the middle and outside Red Blockers, attempting to drive between the two Skaters, but fails to make any progress. All Blockers remain upright. Outcome: The middle Red Blocker was most responsible for hooking arms and should receive a penalty.
Rationale: The middle and outside Red Blockers gained an advantage by creating a link that White Pivot cannot break. Once White Pivot challenged that link, their action became worthy of a penalty. Keep in Mind: If it cannot be determined who initiated the link, then the Skater closest to the Referee calling the penalty should be penalized.
Keep in Mind: If the middle Red Blocker had also been hooked to the inside Red Blocker, no additional penalty would be warranted because White Pivot did not attempt to get between those two linked opponents.
Rationale: The destruction of the Pack occurred as a result of normal gameplay. It should not be considered an illegal Pack destruction. Red Pivot is the only Red Blocker on the track. Red Pivot attempts to block White Jammer as they pass.
Red Pivot misses, and ends up out of bounds. Outcome: Officials declare a No Pack situation. Red Pivot is instructed to remain on the track, and is penalized. Red Pivot is the final remaining Red Blocker, and must remain on the track so that a Pack can be formed. Red Pivot still does not return to the track. As a result, the Pack is unable to be reformed. Outcome: Red Pivot is penalized and instructed to return to and remain on the track until another Red Blocker returns to the Pack.
Rationale: Red Pivot was able to legally reenter the track once all other Blockers were ahead of them. Red Pivot is not required to return to the track until they can legally do so, and is not required to skate clockwise in order to find a legal reentry point. In this scenario, however, Red Pivot had a legal opportunity because all other Blockers were ahead of them.
Further, Red Pivot did not heed the warning from the Officials, and thus should be penalized for preventing a Pack from reforming. As Red Pivot is the final remaining Red Blocker, they must remain on the track so that a Pack can be formed. A team's jammer may transfer their position by handing the star to their team's pivot while both skaters are upright, in bounds, and in play, and while neither the jammer nor the pivot is en route to, or in queue for, the penalty box.
Upon releasing the star into the pivot's grasp, the position of jammer is passed. The new jammer takes over for the old jammer in terms of points scored, trips through the pack, and skaters passed. If the star is passed illegally, the initial jammer remains the jammer and the initiator of the pass should be penalized. This includes:.
Releasing the star into the grasp of a skater other than their pivot. Releasing the star into the pivot's grasp while one of the two parties is down, out of bounds, out of play, or en route to the penalty box. Releasing the star into the pivot's grasp while the Pivot is in queue for the penalty box even if the pivot is not yet en route.
Releasing the star into the grasp of a pivot who is not wearing the stripe. If the pivot comes into control of the star through any other means for example, by picking up a fallen star , a star pass has not taken place. Accordingly, the pivot does not attain the position of jammer and thus may not put the star on their own helmet. They may hold the star in their hand, drop it, or return it to the jammer. How to watch blockers and defensive maneuvers in roller derby.
All other skaters are considered blockers. Non-pivot blockers may not wear helmet covers or have any markings on their helmets that could be confused for the stripe or the star. Engagement zone and pack. The pack is the largest group of in bounds and upright blockers in proximity and containing members from both teams. If no single group of blockers meets this definition, there is no pack, even if there are multiple groups of the same size.
Proximity is defined as not more than 10 feet as measured from the hips, in front of or behind the nearest pack skater. It is the responsibility of all blockers to maintain a pack, and intentionally destroying the pack is illegal.
When the pack is moving in the derby direction or stopped during a jam, clockwise skating which destroys the pack is illegal. All blockers from both teams must act to reform a pack. Blocks on or by blockers which have impact while there is no pack should be immediately penalized. The engagement zone is the area in which it is legal for blockers to engage or be engaged.
The engagement zone extends forward and backward 20 feet from the foremost and rearmost pack skaters, respectively. Any blocker outside of the engagement zone is out of play and cannot engage or be engaged. If there is no pack, the engagement zone is said to stretch from the foremost blocker to the rearmost blocker relative to the prior Pack ; however, it is still illegal for any blockers to engage or to be engaged.
Skaters who are illegally blocked while out of play may legally counter-block. Distances for determining the pack and the engagement zone are measured as the shortest distance, parallel to the inside track boundary, between skaters' hips. Scoring points. Jammers score one point every time they lap an opponent. A jammer laps an opponent if they pass that opponent twice in a row without that opponent having passed that jammer , but score a point only if the lapping pass is earned. Whichever jammer is foremost at the jam's start is considered to be in position to lap the opposing jammer.
Points are scored when lapping an opponent, regardless of position changes such as star passes - points are scored on opponents, not their designated positions.
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