In dogs infected with the H3N2 strain, signs of infection can appear anywhere between 2 and 8 days after infection and shed intermittently for up to 26 days. While these are the only two strains of dog flu currently confirmed in the US, as with all types of viruses, there is always the risk of new strains emerging.
Canine influenza is an airborne virus that spreads rapidly. It can be found in places like boarding facilities, groomers, dog daycare centers, dog parks, shelters, and other spots where dogs are co-mingling. If dog flu is discovered in any one of these places, owners should err on the side of caution and assume their dog was not only exposed to the virus but is likely infected.
Exposure can also occur via direct contact with respiratory discharge from an infected dog, by way of a cough, bark, or sneeze. Dog bowls, toys, bones, clothing, collars, leashes, and even people who have handled infected dogs but have not been properly disinfected can also spread the virus. Canine influenza can remain viable on hard surfaces for up to 48 hours, on clothing for 24 hours, and on hands for 12 hours.
Because the signs and symptoms associated with canine influenza can also be indicators of other respiratory illnesses, a diagnosis cannot be made by symptoms alone. The best way to confirm a flu diagnosis is with testing. Your veterinarian will take a collection of nasal swabs and serum samples.
Swabs are used for detection of the virus when the dogs start coughing, and serum samples for detection of CIV-specific antibodies in dogs that have been ill for more than 7 days. For dogs that have been ill for fewer than 4 days, nasal and oral swabs can be collected and sent out for diagnostic testing at a laboratory that offers a validated PCR polymerase chain reaction test for canine influenza.
While a positive result means that the dog is infected, a negative result may be false if the swabs were taken before or after the period of peak viral shedding. The most reliable way to diagnose dog flu is paired serologic testing on two blood samples — one that is taken during the first week of illness and the second taken 2 to 3 weeks later.
Because dog flu is a viral illness, treatment consists mainly of supportive care, which can include the administration of fluids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to reduce fever, and possibly antibiotics if a secondary infection develops. Good nutrition is always important, and something you should discuss with your veterinarian. Most dogs will recover within 2—3 weeks. Secondary bacterial infections can take longer to clear up, and may require additional testing and treatment.
In order to prevent transmission of the virus, an infected dog should be quarantined; how long depends on which strain was contracted. Your vet should also be able to recommend a disinfectant solution to help kill the virus in your home. There is no cure for canine influenza. The flu is a viral infection that needs to run its course in order for your dog to feel better. There was no indication of a larger outbreak at the clinic.
A total of approximately 40 dogs became ill over a period of 3 weeks. Exposure to canine influenza was confirmed by serologic testing in 5 of the cases.
Vigorous infection control measures were implemented to control the outbreak. Most of the dogs had mild symptoms, although four dogs developed pneumonia. This outbreak appeared to be triggered after a puppy from Colorado, sick with pneumonia, was brought into the clinic.
The canine influenza vaccine was not available in , so none of the dogs had been vaccinated. In September , an Inglewood veterinarian confirmed four cases among dogs that had been at a single boarding facility at various times during August of that year. Veterinary Public Health conducted extensive surveillance for 6 months following that outbreak, but did not detect additional cases.
Last updated January 26, 6. Font Size A A A. Veterinary Public Health. Program Home. Pet Health Calendar. If you are using an earlier version of Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.
Canine influenza CIV is a disease in dogs caused by an influenza virus. There are two influenza virus strains that can spread between dogs: H3N8 and H3N2. Both of them cause similar symptoms in dogs. Neither of them are known to make people sick.
Fever Lethargy Cough Loss of appetite Sneeze Some dogs have no symptoms Nasal discharge More severe and fatal cases of pneumonia resulting from infection with either strain canine influenza virus have been reported in dogs, but are rare. Most dogs with canine influenza recover in weeks. Register to Vote. Public Health has made reasonable efforts to provide accurate translation.
However, no computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace traditional translation methods.
If questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information, please refer to the English edition of the website, which is the official version. Contact Information. Adobe Reader. Canine Influenza. Loss of appetite. Dog flu vaccines are recommended for at risk dogs that have frequent exposure to other dogs. Canine influenza CI, or dog flu in the U. It is highly contagious and easily spread from infected dogs to other dogs through direct contact, nasal secretions through barking, coughing or sneezing , contaminated objects kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes , and by people moving between infected and uninfected dogs.
Dogs of any breed, age, sex or health status are at risk of infection when exposed to the virus. In early , a group of cats in an Indiana shelter were infected with H3N2 canine influenza passed to them by infected dogs , and the findings suggested that cat-to-cat transmission was possible. Unlike seasonal flu in people, canine influenza can occur year round. So far, there is no evidence that canine influenza infects people. However, it does appear that at least some strains of the disease can infect cats.
The illness may be mild or severe, and infected dogs develop a persistent cough and may develop a thick nasal discharge and fever often o F. Other signs can include lethargy, eye discharge, and reduced appetite. Some dogs may not show signs of illness, but can shed the virus and infect other dogs.
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